Europeans are already in a weakgeopolitical position vis-à-vis their partners in the region. This could deteriorate further if their status as energy demandeurs takes root, thereby diminishing their leverage on issues such as human rights. Europeans are also wary of simply replacing a problematic and geopolitically risky dependency on Russia with

The July Revolution disrupted this trajectory. Sparked by protests against a controversial quota system for government jobs, the movement quickly grew into a nationwide uprising demanding democratic reform. The death of student activist Abu Sayed galvanised public outrage, forcing Hasina to resign and flee the country. Her departure has left a poli

Currently, consumption in China mainly relies on savings, meaning it is spending past money, which remains relatively stable. As a result, economic growth is heavily dependent on the production side. Government measures, such as supply-side reforms and the development of new productive forces, focus on enhancing the efficiency of the production sid

The Vietnamese Communist Party identifies infrastructure projects as a springboard to become a high-income nation by 2045. Vietnam spends roughly 6 per cent of GDP — the highest in Southeast Asia — on infrastructure development, including the ambitious upgrading of its 1290 kilometres of national highway to 5000 km by 2030.The benefits of high-

The election itself was marred with irregularities and accusations of foreign interference. The OSCE were quick to denounce the elections for their irregularities, citing evidence of ‘intimidation, coercion, and pressure on voters. Other transgressions included vote-buying and instances of one person voting multiple times. A member of the Europea